First of all, descriptive functions of your own investigation members from the sex was in fact shown because the proportions with their particular 95% believe period (CI)
Sociodemographic characteristics provided racial thinking-class (light or low-white age.grams. black, brown, red, otherwise native), place of quarters (metropolitan otherwise outlying), education (0–cuatro, 5–8, 9–eleven, or ? a dozen years), and you will monthly house money for each capita in tertiles (lowest, center, otherwise large). The latest urban–rural class try in line with the procedures employed by the Brazilian Institute regarding Topography and Analytics (within the Portuguese, IBGE) when you look at the 2010 people census of management limits lay out from the regional laws and regulations. Contained in this for each municipality’s limitations, these regional guidelines expose a fictional line called “metropolitan edge”. The latest census tracts receive in the “urban fringe” was termed metropolitan, whereas the rest of the section is appointed outlying. Others guidance are received due to a facial-to-face interviews during the participant’s family.
Anthropometric details
Height was measured in centimeters (cm) using a portable vertical stadiometer (NutriVida®, Brazil) with the participants barefoot with legs and feet parallel, weight distributed on both feet, arms relaxed at the sides, palms facing the body, and head in the Frankfurt horizontal plane. Weight was measured in kilograms (kg) using a portable digital scale (SECA®, Germany) with participants barefoot. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated as the ratio between weight in kilograms (kg) and height in square meters (m 2 ). BMI cutoff points were based on the World Health Organization recommendation: underweight (< 18.5> 94 cm in men and > 80 cm in women were considered “increased” since they are associated with a higher risk of metabolic complications . All anthropometric variables were measured twice during the home visit by trained interviewers and the mean of the measurements was used in the analyses. Further information can be seen in the handbook on the survey homepage (
Statistical research
Additionally, we provided information on the most prevalent chronic diseases diagnosed by a physician in our sample. Secondly, fractional polynomial regression models were fitted to estimate the percentiles (P5, P10, P20, P25, P50, P75, P90, and P95) of HGS by age group and sex. This method provides smooth centile curves and explicit formulae for the percentile estimates. Diagnostic tests were used to evaluate the model fit (normal plot of the Z-scores, Shapiro–Wilk test, and residuals plot). The model was fitted by maximum likelihood, which accounts for non-normal skewness and/or kurtosis in the data . Thirdly, HGS centile curves for men and women were plotted in charts. Finally, unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression models separate for men and women were created to investigate the sociodemographic and anthropometric Portekizli kadД±n Г§Д±kД±yor variables associated with muscle weakness, being estimated the odds ratio (OR) with 95%CI. Variables with p < 0.20>
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Figure 1 describes the flow chart of the participants throughout the study. Our analytical sample was composed of 7905 participants aged 50–101 years (63.1 ± 9.1 years): 3162 men (63.2 ± 8.7 years) and 4743 women (63.1 ± 9.4 years). The excluding participants were similar to including participants regarding sex (p = 0.092), schooling (p = 0.813), and monthly household income per capita (p = 0.189) but tended to be older (? 80 years: 11.8% vs. 6.5%, respectively, p < 0.001).
The features of one’s investigation participants because of the sex is seen inside Dining table step one. Both in sexes, extremely participants had been low-white, lived in this new town, got 0–cuatro several years of education, and you may exhibited improved sides circumference. Regarding the Bmi, heavy is actually the most typical classification for males (42.9%), while fat and you may carrying excess fat got almost similar frequencies for females (thirty six.9% and you will 35.4%, respectively). Out of chronic illness, forty two.1% off participants claimed with a healthcare prognosis off arterial blood circulation pressure, 17.4% away from all forms of diabetes mellitus, 11.5% out-of weakening of bones, 7.4% from center problems (angina, myocardial infarction, and you will heart inability), and you may 5.7% regarding respiratory disease (symptoms of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary situation).
